Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health cover, highlights the signs of trauma in children that parents should never overlook—and why early support can make all the difference.
Childhood is often idealised as a time of innocence, growth, and joy. But for many children, this picture is disrupted by trauma, whether through abuse, neglect, loss, violence, or even prolonged stress from situations such as bullying or family instability.
Trauma doesn’t always leave visible scars, but its emotional and psychological effects can last a lifetime.
According to a national study cited by UNICEF South Africa, approximately one in three children experience sexual violence and physical abuse before the age of 18.
What Is Childhood Trauma?
Childhood trauma refers to the emotional response a child has to a distressing or frightening event. While some children may recover quickly, others experience ongoing symptoms that impact their mental and physical health, relationships, and ability to thrive. Trauma isn’t always linked to a single event, as it can also result from prolonged exposure to stress, such as parental conflict, mental illness in the household, or medical procedures.
Early Signs of Trauma
Recognising trauma can be complex, mainly because children often don’t express distress in expected ways. Symptoms vary by age, temperament, and the nature of the trauma.
In Young Children (0–6 years):
- Excessive crying, clinginess, or separation anxiety.
- Regressive behaviours (e.g., bedwetting, thumb-sucking).
- Sleep disturbances or nightmares.
- Avoidance of certain people or places.
- Changes in appetite.
In School-Aged Children (6–12 years):
- Withdrawal from friends or usual activities.
- Declining school performance.
- Outbursts of anger or aggression.
- Unexplained physical complaints like headaches or stomach aches.
- Heightened fear or startled responses.
In Teenagers (13+ years):
- Risky behaviours (e.g., substance use, reckless driving).
- Symptoms of depression or anxiety.
- Self-harm or expressions of hopelessness.
- Difficulty concentrating or sleeping.
- Loss of interest in activities they previously enjoyed.
How Can Parents Support a Child?
When a child is traumatised, the care and response of their parent or caregiver can significantly shape how they heal. While professional help is often necessary, the foundation of a child’s recovery begins at home. Here’s how you can provide practical support:
Create a Safe Emotional Environment: Reassure your child that they are loved and secure. Let them know it’s okay to talk about their feelings or not talk at all. What matters most is that they feel heard, accepted, and protected.
Establish Predictable Routines: Trauma can make life feel chaotic and uncertain. Regular mealtimes, consistent bedtimes, and stable school or activity schedules give children a sense of normalcy and control.
Observe Without Pressure: Not all children are ready or able to open up right away. Instead of forcing them to talk, keep an eye on any emotional or behavioural changes and gently check in without judgment.
Manage Your Stress: Children absorb emotional cues from the adults around them. Practising self-care, seeking your support, and modelling healthy coping strategies can positively influence how your child learns to manage their emotions.
Know When to Seek Help: If symptoms persist or worsen or if your child’s daily functioning is significantly affected, a referral to a child psychologist, trauma counsellor, or mental health specialist is essential.
Is Your Child Struggling Emotionally?
Asking the right questions can help you determine if your child needs more support:
- Has my child’s behaviour changed suddenly, without a clear reason?
- Do they seem more anxious, fearful, or withdrawn?
- Are they struggling with eating, sleeping, or schoolwork?
- Is there something going on at home, school, or in our community that could be affecting them?
If you answered “yes” to any of these, your child might be experiencing emotional distress or trauma.
Practical Strategies for Support
As a parent or caregiver, you don’t have to be a therapist, but there are many simple and effective ways to support your child’s emotional wellbeing every day:
Keep the Lines of Communication Open
Use casual moments, such as driving or walking together, to check-in. Avoid intense interrogations; instead, create a low-pressure space where your child can share freely.
Encourage Healthy Outlets
Support activities that promote emotional release, like drawing, journaling, music, or sports. These can help your child process complicated feelings in a non-verbal, healing way.
Be Present and Engaged
Spend quality time together doing things they enjoy. Even if they aren’t talking about what’s bothering them, your consistent presence shows that you care.
Limit Exposure to Triggers
Monitor news, social media, and potentially upsetting conversations related to the child. Be mindful of content they may overhear or see that could increase anxiety or confusion.
Stay Connected with Their Support System
Maintain open communication with teachers, coaches, or other adults in your child’s life. They may notice changes that you miss, and they can offer valuable support and consistency.
Where Can Families Find Help?
Support options include public clinics, school counsellors, NGOs, and 24/7 mental health helplines. Many parents feel overwhelmed or unsure where to start—but reaching out is the first and most important step.
Conclusion
Childhood trauma doesn’t go away on its own, but with early intervention, love, and support, recovery is possible. Ignoring the signs can lead to long-term issues such as depression, anxiety, substance use, and difficulty with relationships or academics. Affinity Health’s Day-to-Day Plan offers families access to GP consultations, telehealth services, mental health resources, and 24/7 trauma support—so no parent has to navigate these challenges alone.
About Affinity Health
Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health cover provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of having medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.