Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health cover, aims to help people understand the key differences between tension headaches and migraines, two common but often misunderstood conditions that affect millions.
Headaches are one of the most widespread health complaints. While many people write them off as part of a stressful day or too much screen time, not all headaches are created equal. Two of the most common types—tension headaches and migraines—can feel similar at first but are very different in cause, intensity, and treatment.
Recognising which type of headache you’re dealing with is the first step to getting the proper treatment and finding long-lasting relief.
Understanding Tension Headaches
Tension headaches are the most common type of headache. These typically feel like a dull, persistent ache or a sensation of pressure around the forehead, temples, or the back of the head and neck. Many people describe it as feeling like a tight band is wrapped around their head.
This kind of headache often develops gradually and is usually mild to moderate in intensity. It may last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours and, in some cases, can persist for days. Fortunately, tension headaches usually aren’t associated with more severe neurological symptoms and are not disabling.
Tension headaches are frequently triggered by stress, anxiety, fatigue, poor posture, or eye strain. They’re particularly common among office workers, students, and people who spend long hours on computers or their cell phones.
What Is a Migraine?
Migraines are not just “bad headaches”; they are a complex neurological condition that can severely impact day-to-day life. Unlike the steady pressure of tension headaches, migraines typically cause intense, throbbing or pulsating pain, usually on one side of the head.
Migraines are often accompanied by other debilitating symptoms, such as:
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Sensitivity to light, sound, or smell.
- Visual disturbances (known as auras), including flashing lights or blind spots.
- Dizziness and fatigue.
A migraine attack can last from four hours to three days. Some people experience a warning phase, known as the prodrome, where they may feel tired, irritable, or crave certain foods before the headache starts. After the attack, a postdrome phase often follows, leaving individuals feeling drained or foggy.
Triggers vary but can include hormonal changes, certain foods and drinks (like cheese, chocolate, or wine), stress, lack of sleep, and sensory overload. Migraines also tend to run in families.
How to Tell the Difference
While both tension headaches and migraines cause head pain, the symptoms differ in key ways.
Tension headaches cause a dull, steady pain and rarely involve nausea or visual symptoms. They tend to affect both sides of the head and don’t worsen with movement. You can usually continue with your daily tasks, though it may be uncomfortable.
Migraines, on the other hand, are often one-sided, throbbing, and significantly more intense. They can be so disabling that sufferers are forced to lie down in a dark, quiet room. Physical activity often worsens the pain, and accompanying symptoms, including vomiting or sensitivity to light and sound, are strong indicators.
When to See a Doctor
Occasional headaches can usually be managed at home. But if you find yourself dealing with headaches more than once a week, or if the pain is interfering with your ability to function, it’s time to seek medical help.
You should also consult a doctor if:
- Your headache is sudden and severe (“the worst you’ve ever had”).
- It wakes you up at night.
- It’s accompanied by fever, confusion, fainting, vision loss, numbness, nausea or vomiting.
- Over-the-counter medications stop working.
- You have a history of high blood pressure or neurological conditions.
Treatment and Relief
Tension headaches are typically treated with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications such as ibuprofen or paracetamol. Applying a warm compress to tense muscles, stretching, and practising relaxation techniques like deep breathing can also help prevent future episodes.
Migraines may require more targeted treatment. In addition to pain relief, prescription medications may be necessary to shorten or prevent attacks. Anti-nausea drugs can also be helpful. People with frequent migraines may benefit from preventive medications and lifestyle changes that reduce triggers.
In both cases, lifestyle management is key:
- Get consistent, good-quality sleep.
- Stay hydrated.
- Limit screen time and take regular breaks.
- Eat balanced meals at regular intervals.
- Manage stress through mindfulness, exercise, or counselling.
Conclusion
Tension headaches and migraines are two of the most common yet misunderstood health complaints. By understanding their differences and seeking the proper care, you can take control of your health and reduce their impact on your life. Whether you’re managing mild tension headaches or debilitating migraines, Affinity Health is here to support you with expert care, personalised treatment options, and the peace of mind you deserve.