Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health cover, is highlighting the importance of understanding urinary tract infections (UTIs), one of the most common bacterial infections in both men and women.

UTIs are usually simple to treat, but if ignored, they can become painful and even dangerous. Knowing what causes them and how to prevent them can help you stay healthy and avoid unnecessary discomfort. A UTI happens when bacteria enter the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. Most UTIs affect the bladder and urethra, where bacteria can multiply quickly. Women are at higher risk because their shorter urethra makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder. Also, due to the proximity of the anus in women, this increases the risks even further.  

1. Poor Hygiene Habits

Poor hygiene can increase your risk of a UTI. Bacteria from the bowel, especially E. coli, can easily reach the urinary tract if cleaning habits aren’t correct. Wiping from back to front, wearing tight or synthetic underwear, or staying in wet clothing — such as a damp costume — can all increase the risk.

To help prevent UTIs, always wipe from front to back (applicable to girls and women), choose breathable cotton underwear, and change out of sweaty or wet clothing quickly. Women should also avoid harsh soaps or feminine sprays, as these can upset the natural pH balance and increase the risk of infection.

2. Not Drinking Enough Water

Dehydration is another common cause of UTIs. When you don’t drink enough water, your body produces less urine, which gives bacteria more time to multiply in the bladder. Regular urination helps flush bacteria out of the urinary tract, so going to the bathroom less often increases your risk of infection.

Try to drink six to eight glasses of water a day, and even more during hot weather or when you’re active. Clear or light-coloured urine is a good sign that you’re well hydrated. If you struggle to drink plain water, add a squeeze of lemon or enjoy herbal teas for extra flavour.

3. Sexual Activity

Sexual activity is one of the most common triggers of UTIs, especially for women. During sex, bacteria can be pushed into the urethra, which increases the chances of an infection. Products such as spermicides, diaphragms, and some lubricants can also irritate the urinary tract, making it easier for bacteria to grow.

To lower your risk, try to urinate soon after sex to help flush out any bacteria. Wash the genital area before and after intercourse, and avoid spermicidal products if you often get UTIs. Both partners should practice good hygiene before engaging in intimate contact.

4. Holding in Urine Too Long

Many people hold in their urine, especially when stuck in traffic, travelling long distances, or busy at work. But delaying bathroom breaks gives bacteria more time to multiply in the bladder, increasing the risk of a UTI or bladder irritation.

Listen to your body, and when you feel the need to urinate, go. Try to take bathroom breaks every three to four hours during the day to keep your bladder healthy. Also, make sure you empty your bladder fully each time; rushing can leave urine behind, which creates a breeding ground for bacteria.

Underlying Health Conditions and Medications

Certain health conditions and medications can increase the risk of UTIs. For example, people with diabetes are at higher risk because high blood sugar helps bacteria grow. Conditions such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can block the flow of urine, allowing bacteria to build up in the bladder. Moreover, there are medications which can increase the likelihood of contracting a UTI.

Birth control methods, e.g. diaphragms, may also increase the risk of UTIs. For women, hormonal changes during menopause can reduce oestrogen levels, which affects the lining of the urinary tract and makes infections easier to develop.

When to See a Doctor

While mild UTIs can sometimes clear on their own in women, in men, medical attention is often needed to prevent complications. Signs that you should see a doctor include:

  • Pain or burning when urinating.
  • Cloudy or foul-smelling urine.
  • Frequent urge to urinate, even when little comes out.
  • Pelvic pain or pressure in the lower abdomen.
  • Fever, chills, or back pain (which may indicate a kidney infection).
  • Flank pain.

The Bottom Line

Urinary tract infections are uncomfortable but largely preventable with good hygiene, proper hydration, and awareness of risk factors. By taking care of your body and seeking prompt medical help when needed, you can protect your urinary health and avoid complications.

Affinity Health offers affordable, comprehensive medical cover to help people stay healthy and prevent conditions such as UTIs through unlimited managed doctor and nurse visits, 24/7 telephonic nurse consultations, and access to a nationwide network of trusted healthcare providers and pharmacies.

About Affinity Health

Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health cover provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of having medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.